Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 10 de 10
Filtrar
1.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 84(4)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533578

RESUMO

Introducción. Los estudiantes universitarios influyen en las decisiones de su familia y comunidad a favor de la vacunación. Objetivo. Identificar las principales razones para la aceptación o reticencia vacunal contra COVID-19 en ingresantes a una universidad pública. Métodos. Estudio transversal en una muestra de 408 estudiantes. Se preguntó si había completado las tres dosis de vacuna contra COVID-19 y la principal razón para la aceptación o reticencia vacunal. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, se aplicó la prueba chi cuadrado y exacta de Fisher. Resultados. El 85,5% aceptó la vacuna principalmente por no querer contagiar a familiares (38,1%) y no querer enfermarse (27,8%). El 14,5% fue reticente, especialmente por prolongados tiempos de espera en vacunatorios (37,3%) y lejanía de los centros de vacunación (13,6%). Conclusiones. En los universitarios estudiados, el temor a la enfermedad impulsó la aceptación de la vacuna contra COVID-19 y la inaccesibilidad a los servicios de salud generó la reticencia.


Introduction. University students influence their family and community decisions in favor of vaccination. Objective. To identify the main reasons for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance or hesitancy among university entrants. Methods. A cross-sectional study in a sample of 408 students. We asked whether the student had completed the three doses the COVID-19 vaccine and the main reason for vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. A descriptive analysis was performed, the chi-square test and Fisher's exact were applied. Results. 85.5% accepted vaccination mainly because they did not want to infect family members (38.1%) and did not want to get sick (27.8%). 14.5% were hesitancy especially due to long waiting times in vaccination centers (37.3%) and distance from vaccination centers (13.6%). Conclusions. In the university students studied, the fear of disease drove COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and inaccessibility to health services generated vaccine hesitancy among university entrants.

2.
Kinesiologia ; 42(2): 127-131, 20230615.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552472

RESUMO

Objetivo. Analizar el rendimiento biomecánico de las placas de tibia proximal utilizadas en fracturas de platillos tibiales evaluado a través de modelos de elementos finitos. Métodos. Se realizará una búsqueda exhaustiva en PubMed/Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science y Google Scholar. No se utilizará ninguna restricción de idioma o estado de publicación. Dos revisores examinarán de forma independiente los posibles artículos elegibles, de acuerdo con los criterios de selección predefinidos. Se incluirán los estudios que evalúen el rendimiento de los platillos tibiales proximales utilizados en las fracturas del platillo tibial evaluadas mediante el análisis de elementos finitos. La extracción de datos sobre las características del estudio, los métodos, los resultados y la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se realizará mediante un formulario estandarizado. Considerando el diseño de estudio no se requiere evaluación por comité de ética. Los resultados de esta revisión se difundirán a través de la publicación en revistas revisadas por pares, redes sociales y congresos de la especialidad. Se espera que los resultados de esta revisión permitan optimizar los resultados del manejo quirúrgico de las fracturas de platillos tibiales. Número de registro PROSPERO: CRD42023396015.


Objetive. To analyze the biomechanical performance of proximal tibial plates used in tibial plate fractures evaluated through finite element modeling. Methods. A comprehensive search will be conducted in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. No language or publication status restrictions will be used. Two reviewers will independently review potential eligible articles according to predefined selection criteria. Studies evaluating the performance of proximal tibial splints used in tibial splint fractures assessed by finite element analysis will be included. Data extraction on study characteristics, methods, results, and risk of bias assessment will be performed using a standardized form. Considering the study design, evaluation by an ethics committee is not required. The results of this review will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, social networks and specialty congresses. It is expected that the results of this review will allow optimizing the results of the surgical management of tibial plate fractures. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023396015.

3.
Colomb. med ; 54(2)jun. 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534282

RESUMO

Introduction: Megaloblastic anemias secondary to Vitamin B12 deficiency are a group of pathologies produced by defective nuclear DNA synthesis. Objective: To describe the maturation alterations found in hematopoietic precursors of the bone marrow in a series of patients with megaloblastic anemia. Methods: Were included patients attended at the Regional Hospital of Concepción with bone marrow samples sent for the study of cytopenia by flow cytometry whose final diagnosis was megaloblastic anemia. The immunophenotype was performed with CD45, CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, markers of neutrophil (CD13, CD11b, CD10, CD16) and/or erythroblast (CD105, CD71, CD36) maturation. Results: From the flow cytometry laboratory database, 8 patients with megaloblastic anemia were identified, and myelodysplastic syndromes (n=9) and normal or reactive bone marrow (n=10) were used as controls. 44% were men, with a median age of 58 years. Megaloblastic anemia was associated with a higher proportion of size and complexity of erythroid and myeloid progenitors compared to lymphocytes compared to controls. The total percentage of erythroblasts and the proportion of CD34+ myeloid cells associated with erythroid lineage was higher in megaloblastic anemia, associated with a maturation arrest in the CD105+ precursor stage (69% vs 19% and 23%, p<0.001). The heterogeneity of CD36 and CD71 in megaloblastic anemia was similar to myelodysplastic syndromes. Conclusions: Megaloblastic anemia produces a heterogeneous involvement of hematopoiesis, characterized by a greater size and cellular complexity of precursors of the neutrophil and erythroid series and a maturation arrest of the erythroblasts.


Introducción: Anemias megaloblásticas secundarias a la deficiencia de vitamina B12 son patologías producidas por una síntesis defectuosa del ADN nuclear. Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones madurativas encontradas en precursores hematopoyéticos de la médula ósea de una serie de pacientes con anemia megaloblástica. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Regional de Concepción con muestras de médula ósea enviadas para estudio de citopenias por citometría de flujo cuyo diagnóstico fue anemia megaloblástica. El inmunofenotipo se realizó con CD45, CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, marcadores de maduración de serie de neutrófilo (CD13, CD11b, CD10, CD16) y/o eritroblasto (CD105, CD71, CD36). Resultados: Se identificaron 8 pacientes con anemia megaloblástica y como controles se utilizaron síndromes mielodisplásicos (n=9) y médula ósea normal o reactiva (n=10). El 44% eran hombres, con una mediana de edad de 58 años. La anemia megaloblástica se asoció con una mayor proporción de tamaño y complejidad de progenitores eritroides y mieloides con respecto de los linfocitos en comparación a los controles. El porcentaje total de eritroblastos y la proporción de células mieloides CD34+ comprometidas con el linaje eritroide fue mayor en anemia megaloblástica, asociado a una parada madurativa en la etapa de precursor CD105+ (69% vs 19% y 23%, p <0.001). La heterogeneidad de CD36 y CD71 en anemia megaloblástica fue similar a los síndromes mielodisplásicos. Conclusiones: la anemia megaloblástica produce una afectación heterogénea de la hematopoyesis, caracterizada por un mayor tamaño y complejidad celulares de precursores de la serie neutrófilo y eritroide y una detención madurativa de los eritroblastos.

4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(12): 1613-1618, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515391

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Every year about 9 million fragility fractures (FF) occur worldwide and 80% of these are underdiagnosed or undertreated. Aiming to close the gap of diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis, Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) were developed. AIM: To describe the implementation of the first FLS in Chile, its inclusion criteria, patient enrolment, treatment adherence and referrals during the first year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A FLS was implemented at a health care network composed by two hospitals. The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) guidelines were applied with a nurse practitioner as the coordinator. From May 2020 to April 2021 all patients diagnosed with a FF in the emergency rooms were invited to participate. Patients with pathological fractures and active cancer were excluded. Demographical data, fracture location, previous fractures, treatment and adherence, and mortality were recorded. RESULTS: From 443 patients with a diagnosis of FF, 177 patients (40%) accepted to participate. Their mean age was 74 ± 13 years and 84% (149) were female. Forty eight percent (84) had a lower extremity FF. Hip fractures were the most common (67). Ninety-five patients reported previous FF and 11,2% (20) had received anti-osteoporotic treatment. At four months of follow-up, 62% (50) had received vitamin D and calcium supplementation and 20% (16) of those patients with an indication of anti-osteoporotic drugs, had received them. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the FLS was successful with a 40% enrolment of patients, receiving certification by the IOF.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Fraturas por Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Prevenção Secundária , Fraturas do Quadril
5.
An. Fac. Med. (Peru) ; 83(4)oct. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420046

RESUMO

Introducción. La epidemiología del ántrax en Perú es poco conocida. Su alto potencial epidémico y epizoótico podría amenazar la salud pública, especialmente desde sus regiones endémicas. Objetivo. Caracterizar los casos de ántrax humano en Perú del 2015 al 2019. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal retrospectivo, a partir de los datos del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica e investigaciones de brotes en Perú del 2015 al 2019. Resultados. 71 casos de ántrax humano fueron registrados, 34 % (n = 24) confirmados y66 % (n = 47) probables. Los más afectados fueron varones (55 %) y el grupo etario de 30 a 59 años (45 %). Los casos estuvieron distribuidos principalmente en la costa norte del país. La forma cutánea autolimitada en miembros superiores fue la presentación clínica más frecuente. El 94 % (n = 67) de los casos tuvieron contacto con ganado vacuno infectado. Conclusión. Los casos de ántrax humano en Perú fueron en su mayoría de la forma cutánea, que se presentaron por brotes focalizados en áreas con antecedentes de trasmisión zoonótica. Este reporte pretende aportar al conocimiento epidemiológico de esta enfermedad y servir como insumo en la implementación de medidas de prevención y control.


Introduction. The epidemiology of anthrax in Peru is poorly understood. Its high epidemic and epizootic potential could threaten public health, especially in its endemic regions. Objective. To characterize cases of human anthrax in Peru from 2015 to 2019. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out; based on data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System and investigations of anthrax outbreaks from 2015 to 2019 in Peru. Results. 71 cases of human anthrax were registered, 34 % (n = 24)confirmed and 66 % (n = 47) probable. The most affected were males (55 %) and the age group from 30to 59 years (45 %), distributed mainly on the north coast of the country. The self-limited cutaneous form was the most frequent clinical presentation. 94% (n = 67) of the cases had contact with infected cattle. Conclusions. The cases of human anthrax in Peru appear as focalized outbreaks in areas with a history of zoonotic transmission. This report aims to contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of this disease and serve as input in the implementation of prevention and control measures.

6.
Rev. med. Chile ; 150(9): 1188-1194, sept. 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431900

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite recent initiatives and efforts, gender inequality still exists in medicine and academia. There is a higher proportion of male authors in international scientific publications. AIM: To compare the proportion of female and male authors in the scientific publications of the main medical journals in Chile. Material and Methods: We reviewed 1,643 Scientific articles published between 2015 and 2020 in two medical journals from Chile. Three authors analyzed the title, abstract, and authors of all published articles, recording the sex of the first author, co-authors, and corresponding author. RESULTS: The reviewed articles had a mean of 5.3 authors and there was a significant difference between men and women (a mean of 2.8 men and 2.4 women; p < 0.001). Forty-six percent (n = 761) of the articles had a female first author. In a higher proportion of papers, men completed both positions (1st and corresponding author) simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are fewer female authors in scientific publications. Chile is one of the countries with a high rate of gender gap in the world. The underrepresentation of women in academia is an example of this.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Autoria , Medicina , Bibliometria , Chile
7.
Rev. salud pública ; 24(4)jul.-ago. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536739

RESUMO

Objetivo Determinar en internos de ciencias de la salud si el autocuidado es un factor cuyo efecto directo sobre el bienestar mental es mediado por las actitudes y facilidades durante el internado, durante la segunda ola de pandemia COVID-19. Método Investigación transversal, correlacional multivariante. Participaron 174 internos en actividad asistencial, seleccionados con muestreo por conveniencia; se aplicaron tres escalas tipo autoinforme. Resultados Entre los internos de ciencias de la salud, ser mujer, tener familiar en casa contagiado de COVID-19 y presentar una percepción del estado de salud general desfavorable son factores de riesgo que incrementan la probabilidad de estado negativo de bienestar mental (1,9>OR<3,9); en tanto que el autocuidado junto a las actitudes y facilidades durante el internado se constituyen en factores protectores para contrarrestar la existencia de estado negativo de bienestar mental (OR<1; p<0,05). El modelo de regresión estructural evidencia que las variables autocuidado como las actitudes adoptadas y facilidades experimentadas por los estudiantes tienen efectos directos en el bienestar mental; asimismo, las actitudes y facilidades cumplen un rol de mediador entre autocuidado y bienestar mental (CFI=0,96; TLI=0,95; RMSEA y SRMR<0,08). El modelo en conjunto explica en 50,7% la variabilidad de bienestar mental. Conclusión El autocuidado es un factor cuyo efecto directo sobre el bienestar mental es mediado por las actitudes y facilidades en el internado durante la segunda ola de la pandemia COVID-19 en el año 2021.


Objective To determine in health sciences interns if self-care is a factor whose direct effect on mental wellness is mediated by attitudes and facilities during internship, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Cross-sectional, multivariate correlational research. 174 interns participated during the COVID-19 pandemic, selected by convenience sampling; three self-report scales were applied. Results Among the health sciences interns, being a woman, having a family member at home infected with COVID-19, and having an unfavorable general health status perception are risk factors that are likely to have a negative state of mental wellness (1.9>OR<3.9); while self-care together with attitudes and facilities during the internship are protective factors to counteract the existence of a negative state of mental wellness (OR<1; p<0.05). The structural regression model shows that self-care variables such as attitudes adopted, and facilities experienced by students in the internship have direct effects on mental wellness; likewise, attitudes and facilities play a mediating role between self-care and mental wellness (CFI=0.96; TLI=0.95; RMSEA and SRMR<0.08). The model as a whole explains 50.7% of the variability of mental wellness. Conclusion Self-care is a factor whose direct effect on mental wellness is mediated by attitudes and facilities in internship during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.

8.
Rev.chil.ortop.traumatol. ; 63(1): 55-62, apr.2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1436003

RESUMO

En los últimos años, ha habido un aumento en la aplicación de cuestionarios diseñados para la medición de resultados (o desenlaces) clínicos en la práctica médica. Para aplicar un cuestionario en una población distinta a la cual fue originalmente creado y diseñado, es necesario llevar a cabo un proceso riguroso de adaptación, con una determinada metodología. El objetivo de esta guía metodológica es describir el proceso de traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación de medidas de resultados informados por los pacientes (MRIPs) en Ortopedia y Traumatología.


In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of questionnaires designed to measure outcomes in the medical practice. To use a questionnaire in a population different from the one for which it was originally created and designed, it is necessary to carry out a rigorous adaptation process, with a certain methodology. The objective of the present methodological guide is to describe the process of translation, crosscultural adaptation, and validation of patient-reported outcome measures in Orthopedics and Traumatology


Assuntos
Humanos , Ortopedia , Traumatologia , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Kinesiologia ; 40(1): 42-49, 20210301.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1255118

RESUMO

Introducción: El material particulado (MP) es una mezcla de partículas potencialmente peligrosas debido a su capacidad de penetrar el sistema respiratorio. La cantidad de MP que ingresa al organismo depende de su concentración ambiental, tiempo de exposición y la ventilación pulmonar. Esta última aumenta fisiológicamente durante el ejercicio físico. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el MP y la función pulmonar. Métodos: Los participantes completaron un protocolo de actividad física en condiciones ambientales con concentraciones de MP habituales durante 4 días consecutivos (24-km). La función pulmonar fue evaluada antes (día-0) y después de una exposición aguda (día-1, post 6-km) y exposición prolongada (día-4, post 24-km). Para determinar la correlación entre los niveles de MP y las variables de función pulmonar, se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Spearman. El nivel de significancia se estableció en p<0.05. Resultados: La función pulmonar, evaluada a través de las variables de espirometría de volumen espiratorio forzado al primer segundo (VEF1), su relación con la capacidad vital forzada (VEF1/CVF) y flujo espiratorio medio (FEF25-75%), se asoció inversamente con las concentraciones de MP en el día-1 (p<0.05), pero no en el día-4 (p>0.05). Conclusión: Este estudio encontró que a mayor dosis efectiva de MP inhalado, mayor es la disminución en variables de función pulmonar evaluadas con espirometría. Este efecto fue más notorio posterior a la exposición aguda que a la exposición prolongada, infiriendo una posible habituación por parte del sistema respiratorio a la inhalación permanente de material particulado.


Introduction: Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of potentially dangerous particles due to its ability to penetrate the respiratory system. The amount of PM that enters the body depends on its environmental concentration, the exposure time and pulmonary ventilation. The latter increase physiologically during physical exercise. Objective: To determine the association between MP and lung function in physically active young adults during physical exercise. Methods: the subjects completed a physical activity protocol in environmental conditions with habitual PM concentrations for four consecutive days (24-km). Lung function was evaluated before (day-0) and after acute exposure (day-1, post-6-km) and prolonged exposure (day-4, post-24-km). To determine the correlation between MP levels and lung function variables, the Spearman correlation test was applied. The level of significance was established at p <0.05. Results: Lung function, evaluated through the spirometry variables of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), its relationship with forced vital capacity (FEV1 / FVC) and mean expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) was inversely associated with MP concentrations on day-1 (p<0.05), but not on day-4 (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study found that the higher the effective dose of inhaled PM, the greater the decrease in lung function variables evaluated with spirometry. This effect is more noticeable after acute exposure than after prolonged exposure, inferring the respiratory system's possible habituation to permanent inhalation of particulate matter.

10.
Rev. méd. hered ; 27(4): 204-215, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-836256

RESUMO

Objetivos: Evaluar la percepción y actitud de universitarios de enfermería sobre su formación en investigaciónen universidades de Lima y del interior del país, y determinar la relación entre variables y sus diferencias por tipode universidad. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, multicéntrico, diseño transversal, realizado en tresuniversidades de Lima y una del interior, teniendo como universo a estudiantes de 8-10° ciclo de estudios, cuyapoblación de estudio fue 556 universitarios. El instrumento fue un cuestionario estructurado tipo escala aplicadomediante encuesta...


Objectives: To evaluate the perception and attitudes of nursing students on their training in research in universitiesof Lima and provinces, and to determine differences by universities. Methods: Multicenter cross-sectional studyconducted in 3 universities in Lima and one of the interior of the country. The target population was students between8th and 10th cycles, the universe was 556 students. An structured questionnaire was applied to all participants...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Atitude , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem/educação , Percepção , Estudo Observacional , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Estudos Transversais
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA